Nishan-e-Haider is Pakistan's highest military gallantry award. "Nishan-e-Haider" literally means "Mark of the Lion" in the Urdu language. The word "Haider" is also the epithet of Hazrat Ali. The Nishan-e-Haider is manufactured by Pakistan Mint on order of the Ministry of Defence, Government of Pakistan. It is forged from captured enemy equipment and consists of 88% copper, 10% tin and 2% zinc.
The Nishan-e-Haider can only be awarded to members of the Pakistan Armed Forces for the highest acts of extraordinary bravery in face of the enemy in air, land or sea. Although some consider it equivalent to the British Victoria Cross and the United States Medal of Honor, it is unique in that it has so far been awarded only posthumously. Its exclusivity can be gauged by the fact that, since Pakistan's independence in 1947, there have been only ten recipients. However, it must be noted that the United States and United Kingdom have been engaged in combat far more frequently and for much longer durations than Pakistan, so it is a moot comparison.
History of Nishan-e-Haider:
The Nishan-e-Haider was established by the Government of Pakistan and named after Hazrat Ali on 16 March 1957, which is the year in which Pakistan became a republic. However, it was applied retroactively from the date of Pakistan's independence on 14 August 1947. The Nishan-e-Haider is Pakistan's highest award and takes precedence over all military and civil awards. Of the ten Nishan-e-Haider recipients to date, nine have been from the Pakistan Army and one from the Pakistan Air Force.
Nishan-e-Haider Holders Pakistan
Raja Muhammad Sarwar Shaheed
Unit and service: 2/1 Punjab Regiment, Pakistan Army
Rank Conflict: Captain 1948 Indo-Pak War
Date of Action: 27 July 1948
Tufail Mohammad Shaheed
Unit and service:Punjab Regiment, Pakistan Army Major
Rank Conflict: 1958 Indo-Pak Border Skirmish
Date of Action: 7 August 1958
Raja Aziz Bhatti Shaheed
Unit and service: 17 Punjab Regiment, Pakistan Army
Rank Conflict: Major 1965 Indo-Pak War
Date of Action: 10 September 1965
Rashid Minhas Shaheed
Unit and service: No. 2 Fighter Conversion Unit, Pakistan Air Force
Rank Conflict: Pilot Officer Bangladesh Liberation War 1971
Date of Action: 20 August 1971
Rana Shabbir Sharif Shaheed
Unit and service: 6 Frontier Force Regiment, Pakistan Army
Rank Conflict: Major Bangladesh Liberation War 1971
Date of Action: 6 December 1971
Sawar Muhammad Hussain Janjua Shaheed
Unit and service: 20 Lancers (Armoured Corps), Pakistan Army
Rank Conflict: Sawar Bangladesh Liberation War 1971
Date of Action: 10 December 1971
Muhammad Akram Shaheed
Unit and service: 4 Frontier Force Regiment, Pakistan Army
Rank Conflict: Major Bangladesh Liberation War 1971
Date of Action: 5 December 1971
Muhammad Mahfuz Shaheed
Unit and service: 15 Punjab Regiment, Pakistan Army
Rank Conflict: Lance Naik 1971 Indo-Pak War
Date of Action: 17 December 1971
Karnal Sher Khan Shaheed
Unit and service: Sindh Regiment/12 Northern Light Infantry, Pakistan Army
Rank Conflict: Captain 1999 Indo-Pak Kargil Conflict
Date of Action: 7 July 1999
Lalak Jan Shaheed
Unit and service: 12 Northern Light Infantry, Pakistan Army
Rank Conflict: Havildar 1999 Indo-Pak Kargil Conflict
Date of Action: 7 July 1999
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